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The Middle Ages is the period of illuminated books on parchment. In Europe, monasteries housed copyist workshops where ancient books (from Antiquity) were recopied by hand : these are what are called manuscripts. They were written in Caroline, beautiful round writing developed under Charlemagne, and later in Gothic characters. They were decorated with illuminations, also called miniatures. These were painted images to illustrate texts. Depending on their content, the books were decorated with religious, chivalric, courtly or everyday scenes of city or country life, etc.
While Europe was still in the manuscript period, from the 9th century China used xylography (engraving on wood) to reproduce numerous copies of Buddhist texts. Calligraphy (from the Greek kalligraphia : beautiful writing), meanwhile, became a completely separate art. The art of miniatures was also very popular with the Persians in Iran, who would influence Indian art.
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See content : Plan your family trip to the Grand Palais
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This autumn, there's no need to choose between art, games and discovery: the Grand Palais brings it all together in one place. So get your curious, dreamy, playful selves ready... and set a course for a great family vacation in the heart of Paris! Here's a sneak preview of what's in store.
See content : New season, new exhibitions: tickets now on sale
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Ticketing for our upcoming exhibitions is now open!
See content : What can families do at the Grand Palais right now?
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This autumn, there's no need to choose between art, science and discovery: the Grand Palais brings them all together for you. So get your curious, your dreamers, your players ready... and discover the program for the coming weeks!